Footnote 5 Most crucially, as Ilona Kemppainen has shown, a soldier’s death in wartime Finland was interpreted in thoroughly religious terms as the ultimate sacrifice for the nation. However, religion was strongly present also on the frontlines: both in the soldiers’ subjective experiences and as a cultural and ideological framework that was constructed to give these experiences a nationally cohesive meaning. Much of the religious talk was aimed at soldiers’ relatives at home. Whether in consigning meaning to personal losses, in writing letters to and from home and the front, or in celebrating Christmas, religion was a part of Finnish wartime culture. Public Lutheranism intertwined with people’s individual experiences and religion’s role in them. Public rhetoric in wartime Finland was heavily influenced by religious motifs and discourse, and Lutheran priests and bishops had a prominent place in Finnish culture. And still in the desperate battle for survival in the summer of 1944, God’s providence was sought, for example, through a collective prayer campaign launched by the Finnish president’s wife, Gerda Ryti. In the Winter War, Finnish soldiers were described as defending “Western values”-including or synonymous with Christianity-against “Eastern barbarism.” In the heyday of the Finnish-German offensive in 1941, the Finns were depicted as “crusaders” defeating Bolshevism. In contrast to the “atheist Bolsheviks,” the Lutheran faith was perceived of as an integral part of Finnish identity and tradition. Footnote 3 In both wars, religion played an important role in Finnish self-understanding and war propaganda. Footnote 2įirst in the Winter War of 1939–1940 and then in the so-called Continuation War of 1941–1944, Finland was at war with the Soviet Union, in the latter case as a “brother-in-arms” with Nazi Germany. In a nutshell, the war years were a major crisis for Finnish society, they took a heavy toll on the country’s population, and they hit hard especially the youngest age cohorts of Finnish men, several hundreds of thousands of whom spent years in a row in harsh and violent frontline conditions. Almost 100,000 soldiers died in the war, and about the same number was permanently injured. The majority of them were in frontline service at some stage of their military duty the share is probably even higher. In 1939–1945, approximately 800,000 Finnish men out of a total population of 3.7 million served in the army. Footnote 1 In my chapter, I will study lived religion in a time of crisis by looking at Finnish soldiers’ religious experiences and practices during World War II. This is the case in wartime, when whole national communities enter a liminal sphere outside normal, everyday life. Especially in situations that include a threat of mortal danger and a breaking of moral norms, religious questions concerning the transcendental may become acute and occupy people’s minds to a considerable degree. We have estimated Mauno Koivisto's net worth, money, salary, income, and assets.The meaning of religion in people’s lives tends to increase in times of crisis. So, how much is Mauno Koivisto worth at the age of 94 years old? Mauno Koivisto’s income source is mostly from being a successful Actor. His net worth has been growing significantly in 2020-2021. His wife is Tellervo Koivisto (1952 - 12 May 2017) ( his death) ( 1 child) Family Mauno Koivisto Height, Weight & MeasurementsĪt 94 years old, Mauno Koivisto height is 6' 2¾" (1.9 m). He is a member of famous Actor with the age 94 years old group. We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 25 November.
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